Loot Box and Video Game Gambling Lawsuits: Roblox, EA, Apple, Google and Valve

6 loot box and video game gambling lawsuits are on record as of 14 November 2026, 40 in the United States, 5 in Canada, 15 in Austria, 10 in the Netherlands, 3 in Switzerland and 11 in France.

The courts that have ruled on the merits have split: US federal judges dismissed the slot-machine theory against Apple, Google and Supercell, the Dutch and Austrian high courts held that FIFA packs are not gambling, a Washington judge let the virtual-chip theory proceed against Royal Match, and Canada's certified class heads to trial.

Has any court actually called a loot box gambling? Austrian courts of first instance did in 2023, but that line was reversed, and no US court in this record has held a paid loot box to be illegal gambling.

The Swiss Federal Supreme Court applied a stake-based test to an NFT card game, which is a different product.

No open settlement: no loot box lawsuit has a claim form open

No loot box lawsuit has a claim form open as of 14 November 2026. The USD 245 million Fortnite refund program run by the FTC closed to claims on 9 July 2025 and has paid about USD 198 million in two rounds: 629,344 payments averaging about USD 114 in December 2024 and 969,173 payments in June 2025, with a further round expected in 2026 for claims filed in time.

The FTC order is not a loot box case in law but the refund program players search for, and refund programs in other categories are listed under all gambling lawsuits by category.

The 2021 Epic loot llama settlement credited 1,000 V-Bucks or Credits automatically and closed, and the Canadian Epic settlement paid up to CAD 25 per claimant in 2023. No Roblox, Valve, EA or gacha case has a settlement, and the payout estimate for every pending case here is none.

Players who search for a Roblox or Fortnite claim form meet many lookalike sites, and the is this settlement website legit: check a gambling claim site tool shows how to test one. Closed and open claims across all categories are listed on open gambling class action settlements by deadline.

The numbers in brief

The 6 cases split into class actions (3), regulator orders (2), individual suits (0), operator challenges to regulators (0), attorney-general suits (1) and constitutional rulings (0).

By status, 0 are dismissed, 0 filed with no ruling, 2 have a motion pending or decided in part, 1 are decided, 0 certified as class actions, 0 stayed for arbitration, 2 withdrawn and 0 paid.

Related records sit in other categories, and each owns its own cases.

Lawsuits by company

Publishers and platforms are the defendants in this category, and the entity match that produces each count is the named defendant in the case record.

Roblox: the Robux casino case and the cross-claims

Roblox is a defendant in 1 consolidated class actions and a cross-claimant in a third record. In Colvin v. Roblox (N.D. Cal. 3:23-cv-04146, Judge Chhabria) parents allege that Roblox processes, and takes 30 percent of, the Robux that off-platform casinos such as RBXFlip, Bloxflip and RBLXWild use for coin flips and slots aimed at children.

The court dismissed the RICO and fraud claims (26 March and 19 September 2024), rejected Roblox's Section 230 defense, let negligence proceed, and held on 10 December 2025 that Robux are a "thing of value" under California Penal Code 337j.

Roblox's own cross-claims against the casino operators rest on trademark and computer-misuse law. The child-safety suits that ten states and two California counties filed against Roblox plead no gambling and are not part of this case.

Valve: Counter-Strike cases, skins and two 2026 suits

Valve is a defendant in 1 records and has lost none so far. McLeod v. Valve (W.D. Wash.) had its RICO count dismissed with prejudice on 4 October 2016 and its state claims dismissed for lack of jurisdiction, G.G. v.

Valve sent the teenagers' claims to arbitration (3 April 2017) where Valve won and saw the parents' last claim dismissed on 7 January 2022, and the 2016 Washington Gambling Commission directive produced no enforcement.

The two 2026 cases are at the motion-to-dismiss stage: New York v. Valve (Supreme Court, New York County, 450952/2026, filed 25 February 2026, motion to dismiss 18 May 2026 per press) and Flauto v. Valve (W.D. Wash. 2:26-cv-00788, filed 9 March 2026, motion to dismiss fully briefed 23 July 2026 per docket mirrors).

Electronic Arts: FIFA and Ultimate Team packs in four countries

Electronic Arts is a defendant in 2 records in four countries and has won every merits ruling so far.

Ramirez (N.D. Cal.) went to individual arbitration on 5 March 2021 and was dropped in 2023, Zajonc was withdrawn, the Raad van State annulled the Dutch regulator's penalty order on 9 March 2022, and Austria's Supreme Court held on 18 December 2025 that FIFA Ultimate Team packs are not gambling under § 1 GSpG.

In Canada the Supreme Court of British Columbia certified Sutherland v. Electronic Arts on 5 December 2024 and the Court of Appeal dismissed EA's appeal in June 2026, so the consumer-protection claim goes to trial.

The Vienna court's 2023 refund judgment against EA and Sony was reversed on appeal, and a separate Hermagor district-court refund judgment against Sony, per press, was not appealed.

Epic Games, Apple, Google, Supercell, Sony and Take-Two

Epic Games is a defendant in 1 records: the R.A. loot llama suit (dismissed 20 February 2020), the Zanca settlement (final approval 18 November 2021, USD 26.5 million cap), the FTC order of 19 December 2022 (USD 245 million in refunds plus a separate USD 275 million COPPA penalty), the Canadian national settlement (CAD 2.75 million, paid from September 2023) and the Quebec addiction and minors' class action authorized on 7 December 2022.

Apple (Taylor, dismissed 4 January 2022) and Google (Coffee, dismissed with prejudice 10 January 2022) won on lack of economic injury and, for Google, Section 230. Supercell's dismissal was vacated for lack of standing by the Ninth Circuit on 9 May 2024.

Sony (Crawford, 30 March 2021), Take-Two (NBA 2K, October 2022) and Nintendo (Mario Kart Tour, 11 December 2023) won arbitration orders, and the Blizzard Hearthstone case was remanded to Orange County state court on 14 August 2024 for lack of federal standing.

Royal Match, Dice Dreams, Coin Master, Genshin Impact and the "skill game" bot cases

The Washington theory that produced the social casino settlements moved to puzzle and board games in 2024. Schudde v. Dream Games (Royal Match) survived a motion to dismiss on 10 November 2025, Morrow v.

Superplay (Dice Dreams, a Playtika subsidiary since 20 November 2024) was filed on 8 December 2025, and Williams v. Moon Active (Coin Master) went to arbitration on 9 December 2025.

The FTC's Genshin Impact order of 17 January 2025 imposed a USD 20 million penalty and a ban on loot box sales to under-16s without parental consent, with no consumer refunds. The "skill game" bot cases (Pandolfi v.

AviaGames, certiorari denied 18 May 2026) sit at the edge of this category, and the Papaya settlement and the USD 719 million Skillz judgment against Papaya are kept with the advertising cases.

Regulators and attorneys general: New York v. Valve, the FTC orders and the 2016 Washington directive

One state attorney general has sued a game publisher over loot boxes: New York filed People v. Valve Corporation in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County, on 25 February 2026 (Index 450952/2026) under Executive Law 63(12) and Penal Law 225.05 and 225.10.

It alleges that Counter-Strike 2, Dota 2 and Team Fortress 2 cases opened with paid keys are gambling because the items resell for cash, and seeks an accounting, restitution, disgorgement and a fine of three times Valve's gain without stating a sum.

A complaint states one side's allegations, and only the court's orders decide anything. Valve argues that every player receives exactly one skin per box, so there is no stake or risk, and the attorney general opposes. The wider set of attorney-general and regulator cases is on regulators and attorneys general in court.

What changed in the last 60 days

0 loot box cases were filed and 0 changed status in the record between 15 September and 14 November 2026.

The one event in the window is an appellate ruling inside an existing case: on 30 October 2026 the Ninth Circuit affirmed the denial of Bloxflip developer Shane Selinger's motion to compel arbitration in the Roblox case (De Ridder v.

Selinger, No. 25-6635, argued 19 October 2026), holding that no contract was formed because the children lacked actual or inquiry notice.

The next dates are the argument on Valve's New York motion, adjourned to 26 January 2027 per press, a ruling on Valve's Washington motion that could land any day, and the FTC's 2026 Fortnite round, whose amount is not announced. Each move is logged on what changed in gambling litigation in the last 60 days.

The legal theory in two paragraphs

Every loot box lawsuit turns on two elements of the gambling definition, consideration and a prize of value. A paid case, pack or "wish" is a stake, but the courts have divided on whether a random cosmetic item or virtual currency that the publisher says cannot be cashed out is a "thing of value".

The answer has depended less on the game than on the statute: California's slot-machine sections produced the Apple, Google and Supercell dismissals, while Washington's "thing of value" definition kept Royal Match and the Valve class action alive.

Consumer-protection theories travel better than gambling theories. Canada's certified class rests on British Columbia's deceptive-practices statute, the Federal Trade Commission's orders rest on unfair-practice and children's-privacy law, and New York's suit against Valve pleads Penal Law 225.05 and 225.10.

What each court decided on the underlying question is collected in are loot boxes gambling: what courts and regulators have ruled.

What each court held on "are loot boxes gambling", by country, as of 14 November 2026

The table lists every court ruling in the record on whether a loot box, pack, case or virtual-currency game is gambling, by country, with the product and the holding; pending cases appear with their last order.

Arbitration: sent to arbitration or kept in court

Arbitration clauses in game and platform terms sent loot box cases out of court in Ramirez v. EA (N.D. Cal., 5 March 2021), Crawford v. Sony (N.D. Cal., 30 March 2021), L.A. v. Take-Two (N.D. Ill., October 2022), G.G. v.

Valve (teenagers, 3 April 2017), R.A. v. Epic (transfer after a 30 July 2019 ruling that California law governs a minor's disaffirmance) and Williams v. Moon Active (N.D. Cal., 9 December 2025, a minor who did not disaffirm the delegation clause is bound).

In the Roblox case the Bloxflip operator's motion was denied on 8 October 2025 and affirmed on 30 October 2026 because children with no notice formed no contract, and in Pandolfi v. AviaGames the bellwether mass-arbitration clause was held unconscionable (affirmed 27 August 2025, certiorari denied 18 May 2026).

The clause-by-clause pattern across all categories is on gambling cases and arbitration clauses.

Canada and Europe: certified classes and high-court rulings

Canada holds the most advanced loot box class action anywhere: Sutherland v. Electronic Arts was certified on 5 December 2024 (2024 BCSC 2202, Justice Fleming) for British Columbia residents who bought loot boxes in more than 70 EA titles since 2008, with eleven common issues including systemic unconscionability.

The court had narrowed the claim in 2023 (2023 BCSC 372), and the Court of Appeal dismissed EA's appeal and the plaintiff's cross-appeal in June 2026 (decision date and citation not confirmed, because the Canadian registries were blocked during research). More Canadian cases are on gambling lawsuits in Canada.

Europe's high courts have gone the other way on packs. The Raad van State annulled the Dutch penalty on 9 March 2022 and the OGH rejected the refund claim on 18 December 2025, while the Bundesgericht on 18 November 2025 upheld the blocking of a Web3 card game that pays Ether prizes.

Pending appeals and high-court gambling cases are followed on pending appeals and high court gambling cases.

Settlements, refund programs and penalties to date

Three programs have put money in players' hands: the FTC's Fortnite refunds (about USD 198 million paid of USD 245 million), the Zanca loot llama settlement (1,000 V-Bucks or Credits per account plus cash claims up to USD 50 under a USD 26.5 million cap) and the Canadian Epic settlement (CAD 2.75 million, up to CAD 25 per claimant).

The two FTC penalties went to the Treasury and the USD 719 million Skillz judgment went to a competitor.

Every case we track

The table lists all 6 loot box and video game gambling cases in the record as of 14 November 2026, with court and docket, filing date, status and its date, fund where one exists, and the primary source we read.

The same rows are available as a spreadsheet from open data.

Questions people ask

Is there a Roblox settlement or claim form?

No: the Roblox gambling class action (Colvin, now captioned De Ridder v. Roblox) has no settlement, no certified class and no claim form, the only Roblox settlement that ever had a claim form was a 2023 content-moderation case (Doe v. Roblox, USD 10 million, claims closed 10 August 2023), and the 2026 settlements between Roblox and state attorneys general over child safety pay the states, not players. Every Roblox case is on Roblox lawsuits.

Did EA get sued for loot boxes, and who won?

Yes, in the United States, Canada, the Netherlands and Austria, and EA has won or ended every case except the Canadian one: Ramirez went to arbitration and was dropped, the Dutch Raad van State annulled the regulator's penalty on 9 March 2022, the Austrian Supreme Court held on 18 December 2025 that Ultimate Team packs are not gambling, and Sutherland v. Electronic Arts is certified in British Columbia and awaiting trial. All EA cases are on Electronic Arts lawsuits.

The underlying question, whether a loot box is gambling at all, depends on the statute and the product, as set out in are loot boxes gambling.

How much are people getting from the Fortnite refunds and the video game lawsuits?

The FTC's published figures are the only per-person numbers in this category: about USD 114 on average in the first Fortnite round (December 2024) and about USD 130 in the second (June 2025), with a 2026 round expected for late-validated claims at an amount the FTC has not announced. The Epic loot llama settlement paid 1,000 V-Bucks or Credits per account and cash claims capped at USD 50, and no other video game case has paid a player; see class action payout per person: what gambling settlements actually paid.

Who is suing Steam, and for how much?

Two plaintiffs sued Valve in 2026: New York's attorney general (Supreme Court, New York County, 25 February 2026, seeking disgorgement and a fine of three times Valve's gain without a stated sum) and a nationwide class led by Hagens Berman (W.D. Wash., 9 March 2026, seeking restitution and treble damages without a stated sum). The "USD 900 million" figure that circulates appears in neither complaint; both cases are on Valve lawsuits.

What this page does not cover

Casino-style apps whose chips buy only more play are a separate category of 0 cases built on the same Washington statute, on social casino lawsuits.

Bots in cash-prize "skill" games, including Papaya and Skillz, are advertising cases listed under advertising and marketing lawsuits.

Whether a game or app is permitted in a state is a licensing question answered on each state's page, starting from gambling lawsuits in the United States.

Claim sites that copy a real settlement are common, and the checks for them are in how to spot fake settlement and claim sites.

Sources and method

Of the 6 cases on this page, 5 carry a status read directly from an order, opinion or filed complaint; the rest rest on party filings, settlement agreements, registry indexes and press, each flagged in the table.

The Canadian registries and CanLII pages were blocked during research, so several Canadian dates carry a flag. See the methodology and corrections.

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